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Diffstat (limited to 'gl/verify.h')
-rw-r--r-- | gl/verify.h | 140 |
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1 | /* Compile-time assert-like macros. | ||
2 | |||
3 | Copyright (C) 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | ||
4 | |||
5 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify | ||
6 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | ||
7 | the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or | ||
8 | (at your option) any later version. | ||
9 | |||
10 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | ||
11 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | ||
12 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | ||
13 | GNU General Public License for more details. | ||
14 | |||
15 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | ||
16 | along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */ | ||
17 | |||
18 | /* Written by Paul Eggert, Bruno Haible, and Jim Meyering. */ | ||
19 | |||
20 | #ifndef VERIFY_H | ||
21 | # define VERIFY_H 1 | ||
22 | |||
23 | /* Each of these macros verifies that its argument R is nonzero. To | ||
24 | be portable, R should be an integer constant expression. Unlike | ||
25 | assert (R), there is no run-time overhead. | ||
26 | |||
27 | There are two macros, since no single macro can be used in all | ||
28 | contexts in C. verify_true (R) is for scalar contexts, including | ||
29 | integer constant expression contexts. verify (R) is for declaration | ||
30 | contexts, e.g., the top level. | ||
31 | |||
32 | Symbols ending in "__" are private to this header. | ||
33 | |||
34 | The code below uses several ideas. | ||
35 | |||
36 | * The first step is ((R) ? 1 : -1). Given an expression R, of | ||
37 | integral or boolean or floating-point type, this yields an | ||
38 | expression of integral type, whose value is later verified to be | ||
39 | constant and nonnegative. | ||
40 | |||
41 | * Next this expression W is wrapped in a type | ||
42 | struct verify_type__ { unsigned int verify_error_if_negative_size__: W; }. | ||
43 | If W is negative, this yields a compile-time error. No compiler can | ||
44 | deal with a bit-field of negative size. | ||
45 | |||
46 | One might think that an array size check would have the same | ||
47 | effect, that is, that the type struct { unsigned int dummy[W]; } | ||
48 | would work as well. However, inside a function, some compilers | ||
49 | (such as C++ compilers and GNU C) allow local parameters and | ||
50 | variables inside array size expressions. With these compilers, | ||
51 | an array size check would not properly diagnose this misuse of | ||
52 | the verify macro: | ||
53 | |||
54 | void function (int n) { verify (n < 0); } | ||
55 | |||
56 | * For the verify macro, the struct verify_type__ will need to | ||
57 | somehow be embedded into a declaration. To be portable, this | ||
58 | declaration must declare an object, a constant, a function, or a | ||
59 | typedef name. If the declared entity uses the type directly, | ||
60 | such as in | ||
61 | |||
62 | struct dummy {...}; | ||
63 | typedef struct {...} dummy; | ||
64 | extern struct {...} *dummy; | ||
65 | extern void dummy (struct {...} *); | ||
66 | extern struct {...} *dummy (void); | ||
67 | |||
68 | two uses of the verify macro would yield colliding declarations | ||
69 | if the entity names are not disambiguated. A workaround is to | ||
70 | attach the current line number to the entity name: | ||
71 | |||
72 | #define GL_CONCAT0(x, y) x##y | ||
73 | #define GL_CONCAT(x, y) GL_CONCAT0 (x, y) | ||
74 | extern struct {...} * GL_CONCAT(dummy,__LINE__); | ||
75 | |||
76 | But this has the problem that two invocations of verify from | ||
77 | within the same macro would collide, since the __LINE__ value | ||
78 | would be the same for both invocations. | ||
79 | |||
80 | A solution is to use the sizeof operator. It yields a number, | ||
81 | getting rid of the identity of the type. Declarations like | ||
82 | |||
83 | extern int dummy [sizeof (struct {...})]; | ||
84 | extern void dummy (int [sizeof (struct {...})]); | ||
85 | extern int (*dummy (void)) [sizeof (struct {...})]; | ||
86 | |||
87 | can be repeated. | ||
88 | |||
89 | * Should the implementation use a named struct or an unnamed struct? | ||
90 | Which of the following alternatives can be used? | ||
91 | |||
92 | extern int dummy [sizeof (struct {...})]; | ||
93 | extern int dummy [sizeof (struct verify_type__ {...})]; | ||
94 | extern void dummy (int [sizeof (struct {...})]); | ||
95 | extern void dummy (int [sizeof (struct verify_type__ {...})]); | ||
96 | extern int (*dummy (void)) [sizeof (struct {...})]; | ||
97 | extern int (*dummy (void)) [sizeof (struct verify_type__ {...})]; | ||
98 | |||
99 | In the second and sixth case, the struct type is exported to the | ||
100 | outer scope; two such declarations therefore collide. GCC warns | ||
101 | about the first, third, and fourth cases. So the only remaining | ||
102 | possibility is the fifth case: | ||
103 | |||
104 | extern int (*dummy (void)) [sizeof (struct {...})]; | ||
105 | |||
106 | * This implementation exploits the fact that GCC does not warn about | ||
107 | the last declaration mentioned above. If a future version of GCC | ||
108 | introduces a warning for this, the problem could be worked around | ||
109 | by using code specialized to GCC, e.g.,: | ||
110 | |||
111 | #if 4 <= __GNUC__ | ||
112 | # define verify(R) \ | ||
113 | extern int (* verify_function__ (void)) \ | ||
114 | [__builtin_constant_p (R) && (R) ? 1 : -1] | ||
115 | #endif | ||
116 | |||
117 | * In C++, any struct definition inside sizeof is invalid. | ||
118 | Use a template type to work around the problem. */ | ||
119 | |||
120 | |||
121 | /* Verify requirement R at compile-time, as an integer constant expression. | ||
122 | Return 1. */ | ||
123 | |||
124 | # ifdef __cplusplus | ||
125 | template <int w> | ||
126 | struct verify_type__ { unsigned int verify_error_if_negative_size__: w; }; | ||
127 | # define verify_true(R) \ | ||
128 | (!!sizeof (verify_type__<(R) ? 1 : -1>)) | ||
129 | # else | ||
130 | # define verify_true(R) \ | ||
131 | (!!sizeof \ | ||
132 | (struct { unsigned int verify_error_if_negative_size__: (R) ? 1 : -1; })) | ||
133 | # endif | ||
134 | |||
135 | /* Verify requirement R at compile-time, as a declaration without a | ||
136 | trailing ';'. */ | ||
137 | |||
138 | # define verify(R) extern int (* verify_function__ (void)) [verify_true (R)] | ||
139 | |||
140 | #endif | ||