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author | Karl DeBisschop <kdebisschop@users.sourceforge.net> | 2003-07-26 04:17:17 +0000 |
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committer | Karl DeBisschop <kdebisschop@users.sourceforge.net> | 2003-07-26 04:17:17 +0000 |
commit | 33a6787f51503d1b24f42e57cf365a48378dd56e (patch) | |
tree | ed1f566f37269e6928ad733301b9529022f9c4cd /ABOUT-NLS | |
parent | 35d8e3500946289de2638596bc0f93b044acc42c (diff) | |
download | monitoring-plugins-33a6787f51503d1b24f42e57cf365a48378dd56e.tar.gz |
checkins for internationalization
git-svn-id: https://nagiosplug.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/nagiosplug/nagiosplug/trunk@598 f882894a-f735-0410-b71e-b25c423dba1c
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1 | Notes on the Free Translation Project | ||
2 | ************************************* | ||
3 | |||
4 | Free software is going international! The Free Translation Project | ||
5 | is a way to get maintainers of free software, translators, and users all | ||
6 | together, so that will gradually become able to speak many languages. | ||
7 | A few packages already provide translations for their messages. | ||
8 | |||
9 | If you found this `ABOUT-NLS' file inside a distribution, you may | ||
10 | assume that the distributed package does use GNU `gettext' internally, | ||
11 | itself available at your nearest GNU archive site. But you do _not_ | ||
12 | need to install GNU `gettext' prior to configuring, installing or using | ||
13 | this package with messages translated. | ||
14 | |||
15 | Installers will find here some useful hints. These notes also | ||
16 | explain how users should proceed for getting the programs to use the | ||
17 | available translations. They tell how people wanting to contribute and | ||
18 | work at translations should contact the appropriate team. | ||
19 | |||
20 | When reporting bugs in the `intl/' directory or bugs which may be | ||
21 | related to internationalization, you should tell about the version of | ||
22 | `gettext' which is used. The information can be found in the | ||
23 | `intl/VERSION' file, in internationalized packages. | ||
24 | |||
25 | Quick configuration advice | ||
26 | ========================== | ||
27 | |||
28 | If you want to exploit the full power of internationalization, you | ||
29 | should configure it using | ||
30 | |||
31 | ./configure --with-included-gettext | ||
32 | |||
33 | to force usage of internationalizing routines provided within this | ||
34 | package, despite the existence of internationalizing capabilities in the | ||
35 | operating system where this package is being installed. So far, only | ||
36 | the `gettext' implementation in the GNU C library version 2 provides as | ||
37 | many features (such as locale alias, message inheritance, automatic | ||
38 | charset conversion or plural form handling) as the implementation here. | ||
39 | It is also not possible to offer this additional functionality on top | ||
40 | of a `catgets' implementation. Future versions of GNU `gettext' will | ||
41 | very likely convey even more functionality. So it might be a good idea | ||
42 | to change to GNU `gettext' as soon as possible. | ||
43 | |||
44 | So you need _not_ provide this option if you are using GNU libc 2 or | ||
45 | you have installed a recent copy of the GNU gettext package with the | ||
46 | included `libintl'. | ||
47 | |||
48 | INSTALL Matters | ||
49 | =============== | ||
50 | |||
51 | Some packages are "localizable" when properly installed; the | ||
52 | programs they contain can be made to speak your own native language. | ||
53 | Most such packages use GNU `gettext'. Other packages have their own | ||
54 | ways to internationalization, predating GNU `gettext'. | ||
55 | |||
56 | By default, this package will be installed to allow translation of | ||
57 | messages. It will automatically detect whether the system already | ||
58 | provides the GNU `gettext' functions. If not, the GNU `gettext' own | ||
59 | library will be used. This library is wholly contained within this | ||
60 | package, usually in the `intl/' subdirectory, so prior installation of | ||
61 | the GNU `gettext' package is _not_ required. Installers may use | ||
62 | special options at configuration time for changing the default | ||
63 | behaviour. The commands: | ||
64 | |||
65 | ./configure --with-included-gettext | ||
66 | ./configure --disable-nls | ||
67 | |||
68 | will respectively bypass any pre-existing `gettext' to use the | ||
69 | internationalizing routines provided within this package, or else, | ||
70 | _totally_ disable translation of messages. | ||
71 | |||
72 | When you already have GNU `gettext' installed on your system and run | ||
73 | configure without an option for your new package, `configure' will | ||
74 | probably detect the previously built and installed `libintl.a' file and | ||
75 | will decide to use this. This might be not what is desirable. You | ||
76 | should use the more recent version of the GNU `gettext' library. I.e. | ||
77 | if the file `intl/VERSION' shows that the library which comes with this | ||
78 | package is more recent, you should use | ||
79 | |||
80 | ./configure --with-included-gettext | ||
81 | |||
82 | to prevent auto-detection. | ||
83 | |||
84 | The configuration process will not test for the `catgets' function | ||
85 | and therefore it will not be used. The reason is that even an | ||
86 | emulation of `gettext' on top of `catgets' could not provide all the | ||
87 | extensions of the GNU `gettext' library. | ||
88 | |||
89 | Internationalized packages have usually many `po/LL.po' files, where | ||
90 | LL gives an ISO 639 two-letter code identifying the language. Unless | ||
91 | translations have been forbidden at `configure' time by using the | ||
92 | `--disable-nls' switch, all available translations are installed | ||
93 | together with the package. However, the environment variable `LINGUAS' | ||
94 | may be set, prior to configuration, to limit the installed set. | ||
95 | `LINGUAS' should then contain a space separated list of two-letter | ||
96 | codes, stating which languages are allowed. | ||
97 | |||
98 | Using This Package | ||
99 | ================== | ||
100 | |||
101 | As a user, if your language has been installed for this package, you | ||
102 | only have to set the `LANG' environment variable to the appropriate | ||
103 | `LL_CC' combination. Here `LL' is an ISO 639 two-letter language code, | ||
104 | and `CC' is an ISO 3166 two-letter country code. For example, let's | ||
105 | suppose that you speak German and live in Germany. At the shell | ||
106 | prompt, merely execute `setenv LANG de_DE' (in `csh'), | ||
107 | `export LANG; LANG=de_DE' (in `sh') or `export LANG=de_DE' (in `bash'). | ||
108 | This can be done from your `.login' or `.profile' file, once and for | ||
109 | all. | ||
110 | |||
111 | You might think that the country code specification is redundant. | ||
112 | But in fact, some languages have dialects in different countries. For | ||
113 | example, `de_AT' is used for Austria, and `pt_BR' for Brazil. The | ||
114 | country code serves to distinguish the dialects. | ||
115 | |||
116 | The locale naming convention of `LL_CC', with `LL' denoting the | ||
117 | language and `CC' denoting the country, is the one use on systems based | ||
118 | on GNU libc. On other systems, some variations of this scheme are | ||
119 | used, such as `LL' or `LL_CC.ENCODING'. You can get the list of | ||
120 | locales supported by your system for your country by running the command | ||
121 | `locale -a | grep '^LL''. | ||
122 | |||
123 | Not all programs have translations for all languages. By default, an | ||
124 | English message is shown in place of a nonexistent translation. If you | ||
125 | understand other languages, you can set up a priority list of languages. | ||
126 | This is done through a different environment variable, called | ||
127 | `LANGUAGE'. GNU `gettext' gives preference to `LANGUAGE' over `LANG' | ||
128 | for the purpose of message handling, but you still need to have `LANG' | ||
129 | set to the primary language; this is required by other parts of the | ||
130 | system libraries. For example, some Swedish users who would rather | ||
131 | read translations in German than English for when Swedish is not | ||
132 | available, set `LANGUAGE' to `sv:de' while leaving `LANG' to `sv_SE'. | ||
133 | |||
134 | In the `LANGUAGE' environment variable, but not in the `LANG' | ||
135 | environment variable, `LL_CC' combinations can be abbreviated as `LL' | ||
136 | to denote the language's main dialect. For example, `de' is equivalent | ||
137 | to `de_DE' (German as spoken in Germany), and `pt' to `pt_PT' | ||
138 | (Portuguese as spoken in Portugal) in this context. | ||
139 | |||
140 | Translating Teams | ||
141 | ================= | ||
142 | |||
143 | For the Free Translation Project to be a success, we need interested | ||
144 | people who like their own language and write it well, and who are also | ||
145 | able to synergize with other translators speaking the same language. | ||
146 | Each translation team has its own mailing list. The up-to-date list of | ||
147 | teams can be found at the Free Translation Project's homepage, | ||
148 | `http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/contrib/po/HTML/', in the "National teams" | ||
149 | area. | ||
150 | |||
151 | If you'd like to volunteer to _work_ at translating messages, you | ||
152 | should become a member of the translating team for your own language. | ||
153 | The subscribing address is _not_ the same as the list itself, it has | ||
154 | `-request' appended. For example, speakers of Swedish can send a | ||
155 | message to `sv-request@li.org', having this message body: | ||
156 | |||
157 | subscribe | ||
158 | |||
159 | Keep in mind that team members are expected to participate | ||
160 | _actively_ in translations, or at solving translational difficulties, | ||
161 | rather than merely lurking around. If your team does not exist yet and | ||
162 | you want to start one, or if you are unsure about what to do or how to | ||
163 | get started, please write to `translation@iro.umontreal.ca' to reach the | ||
164 | coordinator for all translator teams. | ||
165 | |||
166 | The English team is special. It works at improving and uniformizing | ||
167 | the terminology in use. Proven linguistic skill are praised more than | ||
168 | programming skill, here. | ||
169 | |||
170 | Available Packages | ||
171 | ================== | ||
172 | |||
173 | Languages are not equally supported in all packages. The following | ||
174 | matrix shows the current state of internationalization, as of July | ||
175 | 2002. The matrix shows, in regard of each package, for which languages | ||
176 | PO files have been submitted to translation coordination, with a | ||
177 | translation percentage of at least 50%. | ||
178 | |||
179 | Ready PO files be bg ca cs da de el en eo es et fi fr | ||
180 | +----------------------------------------+ | ||
181 | a2ps | [] [] [] [] | | ||
182 | bash | [] [] [] [] | | ||
183 | bfd | [] [] | | ||
184 | binutils | [] [] | | ||
185 | bison | [] [] [] [] | | ||
186 | clisp | [] [] [] [] | | ||
187 | clisp | | | ||
188 | clisplow | | | ||
189 | cpio | [] [] [] [] | | ||
190 | darkstat | () | | ||
191 | diffutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
192 | enscript | [] [] | | ||
193 | error | [] [] [] | | ||
194 | fetchmail | [] () [] [] [] () | | ||
195 | fileutils | [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
196 | findutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
197 | flex | [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
198 | gas | [] [] | | ||
199 | gawk | [] [] [] | | ||
200 | gcal | [] [] | | ||
201 | gcc | [] [] | | ||
202 | gettext | [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
203 | gnupg | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
204 | gprof | [] [] | | ||
205 | gpsdrive | () () () () () | | ||
206 | grep | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
207 | gretl | [] | | ||
208 | gthumb | () () () | | ||
209 | hello | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
210 | id-utils | [] [] [] | | ||
211 | indent | [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
212 | jpilot | () [] [] [] | | ||
213 | jwhois | [] [] | | ||
214 | kbd | [] [] [] | | ||
215 | ld | [] [] | | ||
216 | libc | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
217 | libiconv | [] [] [] [] | | ||
218 | lifelines | () () | | ||
219 | lilypond | [] [] [] | | ||
220 | lingoteach | [] [] | | ||
221 | lingoteach_lessons| () () | | ||
222 | lynx | [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
223 | m4 | [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
224 | make | [] [] [] [] | | ||
225 | man-db | [] () () [] () () | | ||
226 | mysecretdiary | [] [] [] | | ||
227 | nano | [] () [] [] [] [] | | ||
228 | nano_1_0 | [] () [] [] [] [] | | ||
229 | opcodes | [] [] [] | | ||
230 | parted | [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
231 | ptx | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
232 | python | | | ||
233 | recode | [] [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
234 | sed | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
235 | sh-utils | [] [] [] [] | | ||
236 | sharutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
237 | sketch | () [] () | | ||
238 | soundtracker | [] [] [] | | ||
239 | sp | [] | | ||
240 | tar | [] [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
241 | texinfo | [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
242 | textutils | [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
243 | util-linux | [] [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
244 | vorbis-tools | [] | | ||
245 | wastesedge | | | ||
246 | wdiff | [] [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
247 | wget | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
248 | +----------------------------------------+ | ||
249 | be bg ca cs da de el en eo es et fi fr | ||
250 | 0 2 19 10 30 44 9 1 12 45 16 3 53 | ||
251 | |||
252 | gl he hr hu id it ja ko lv nb nl nn | ||
253 | +-------------------------------------+ | ||
254 | a2ps | () () [] | | ||
255 | bash | [] | | ||
256 | bfd | [] | | ||
257 | binutils | [] | | ||
258 | bison | [] [] [] [] | | ||
259 | clisp | [] | | ||
260 | clisp | | | ||
261 | clisplow | | | ||
262 | cpio | [] [] [] [] | | ||
263 | darkstat | () | | ||
264 | diffutils | [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
265 | enscript | [] [] | | ||
266 | error | [] | | ||
267 | fetchmail | [] | | ||
268 | fileutils | [] [] [] | | ||
269 | findutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
270 | flex | [] | | ||
271 | gas | | | ||
272 | gawk | [] | | ||
273 | gcal | | | ||
274 | gcc | [] | | ||
275 | gettext | [] [] | | ||
276 | gnupg | [] [] [] [] | | ||
277 | gprof | | | ||
278 | gpsdrive | [] () () | | ||
279 | grep | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
280 | gretl | | | ||
281 | gthumb | () () | | ||
282 | hello | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
283 | id-utils | [] [] | | ||
284 | indent | [] [] [] [] | | ||
285 | jpilot | () () | | ||
286 | jwhois | [] [] | | ||
287 | kbd | | | ||
288 | ld | | | ||
289 | libc | [] [] [] [] | | ||
290 | libiconv | [] [] [] | | ||
291 | lifelines | | | ||
292 | lilypond | [] [] | | ||
293 | lingoteach | [] | | ||
294 | lingoteach_lessons| | | ||
295 | lynx | [] [] [] [] | | ||
296 | m4 | [] [] [] [] | | ||
297 | make | [] [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
298 | man-db | () () | | ||
299 | mysecretdiary | [] | | ||
300 | nano | [] [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
301 | nano_1_0 | [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
302 | opcodes | [] [] | | ||
303 | parted | [] [] [] | | ||
304 | ptx | [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
305 | python | | | ||
306 | recode | [] [] [] | | ||
307 | sed | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
308 | sh-utils | [] [] [] | | ||
309 | sharutils | [] [] [] | | ||
310 | sketch | () | | ||
311 | soundtracker | [] [] | | ||
312 | sp | | | ||
313 | tar | [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
314 | texinfo | [] [] [] | | ||
315 | textutils | [] [] [] | | ||
316 | util-linux | () [] | | ||
317 | vorbis-tools | | | ||
318 | wastesedge | | | ||
319 | wdiff | [] [] [] | | ||
320 | wget | [] [] [] [] [] [] | | ||
321 | +-------------------------------------+ | ||
322 | gl he hr hu id it ja ko lv nb nl nn | ||
323 | 23 9 12 18 14 13 26 9 1 8 19 4 | ||
324 | |||
325 | no pl pt pt_BR ru sk sl sv tr uk zh_TW | ||
326 | +----------------------------------------+ | ||
327 | a2ps | () () () [] [] [] [] [] | 10 | ||
328 | bash | [] | 6 | ||
329 | bfd | [] [] | 5 | ||
330 | binutils | [] [] | 5 | ||
331 | bison | [] [] [] | 11 | ||
332 | clisp | | 5 | ||
333 | clisp | | 0 | ||
334 | clisplow | | 0 | ||
335 | cpio | [] [] [] [] | 12 | ||
336 | darkstat | [] () | 1 | ||
337 | diffutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 17 | ||
338 | enscript | [] [] [] [] | 8 | ||
339 | error | [] [] [] | 7 | ||
340 | fetchmail | () () [] | 6 | ||
341 | fileutils | [] [] [] [] [] | 13 | ||
342 | findutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 21 | ||
343 | flex | [] [] [] | 9 | ||
344 | gas | [] | 3 | ||
345 | gawk | [] [] | 6 | ||
346 | gcal | [] [] | 4 | ||
347 | gcc | [] | 4 | ||
348 | gettext | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 13 | ||
349 | gnupg | [] [] [] | 14 | ||
350 | gprof | [] [] | 4 | ||
351 | gpsdrive | [] [] () | 3 | ||
352 | grep | [] [] [] [] | 18 | ||
353 | gretl | | 1 | ||
354 | gthumb | () () [] | 1 | ||
355 | hello | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 28 | ||
356 | id-utils | [] [] [] [] | 9 | ||
357 | indent | [] [] [] [] [] | 14 | ||
358 | jpilot | () () [] | 4 | ||
359 | jwhois | [] () () [] [] | 7 | ||
360 | kbd | [] [] | 5 | ||
361 | ld | [] [] | 4 | ||
362 | libc | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 17 | ||
363 | libiconv | [] [] [] [] | 11 | ||
364 | lifelines | [] | 1 | ||
365 | lilypond | [] | 6 | ||
366 | lingoteach | [] [] | 5 | ||
367 | lingoteach_lessons| | 0 | ||
368 | lynx | [] [] [] [] | 13 | ||
369 | m4 | [] [] [] | 12 | ||
370 | make | [] [] [] [] | 14 | ||
371 | man-db | | 3 | ||
372 | mysecretdiary | [] [] [] | 7 | ||
373 | nano | [] [] [] [] | 15 | ||
374 | nano_1_0 | [] [] [] [] | 14 | ||
375 | opcodes | [] [] | 7 | ||
376 | parted | [] [] [] | 11 | ||
377 | ptx | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 19 | ||
378 | python | | 0 | ||
379 | recode | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 15 | ||
380 | sed | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 23 | ||
381 | sh-utils | [] | 8 | ||
382 | sharutils | [] [] [] [] | 13 | ||
383 | sketch | [] () [] | 4 | ||
384 | soundtracker | [] | 6 | ||
385 | sp | | 1 | ||
386 | tar | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 18 | ||
387 | texinfo | [] [] | 10 | ||
388 | textutils | [] [] [] [] [] | 13 | ||
389 | util-linux | [] [] [] | 10 | ||
390 | vorbis-tools | [] | 2 | ||
391 | wastesedge | | 0 | ||
392 | wdiff | [] [] [] [] [] | 14 | ||
393 | wget | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 24 | ||
394 | +----------------------------------------+ | ||
395 | 36 teams no pl pt pt_BR ru sk sl sv tr uk zh_TW | ||
396 | 67 domains 4 15 2 24 26 12 10 47 42 4 8 594 | ||
397 | |||
398 | Some counters in the preceding matrix are higher than the number of | ||
399 | visible blocks let us expect. This is because a few extra PO files are | ||
400 | used for implementing regional variants of languages, or language | ||
401 | dialects. | ||
402 | |||
403 | For a PO file in the matrix above to be effective, the package to | ||
404 | which it applies should also have been internationalized and | ||
405 | distributed as such by its maintainer. There might be an observable | ||
406 | lag between the mere existence a PO file and its wide availability in a | ||
407 | distribution. | ||
408 | |||
409 | If July 2002 seems to be old, you may fetch a more recent copy of | ||
410 | this `ABOUT-NLS' file on most GNU archive sites. The most up-to-date | ||
411 | matrix with full percentage details can be found at | ||
412 | `http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/contrib/po/HTML/matrix.html'. | ||
413 | |||
414 | Using `gettext' in new packages | ||
415 | =============================== | ||
416 | |||
417 | If you are writing a freely available program and want to | ||
418 | internationalize it you are welcome to use GNU `gettext' in your | ||
419 | package. Of course you have to respect the GNU Library General Public | ||
420 | License which covers the use of the GNU `gettext' library. This means | ||
421 | in particular that even non-free programs can use `libintl' as a shared | ||
422 | library, whereas only free software can use `libintl' as a static | ||
423 | library or use modified versions of `libintl'. | ||
424 | |||
425 | Once the sources are changed appropriately and the setup can handle | ||
426 | to use of `gettext' the only thing missing are the translations. The | ||
427 | Free Translation Project is also available for packages which are not | ||
428 | developed inside the GNU project. Therefore the information given above | ||
429 | applies also for every other Free Software Project. Contact | ||
430 | `translation@iro.umontreal.ca' to make the `.pot' files available to | ||
431 | the translation teams. | ||
432 | |||